What Does the Accelerometer Measure?
The accelerometer measures linear acceleration on three axes: X (left/right), Y (up/down), Z (forward/back relative to the device). Values are in meters per second squared (m/sΒ²). At rest on a flat surface, Earth's gravity (~9.81 m/sΒ²) appears on the Z axis pointing down. Other axes read near zero. Tilt the phone and the gravity vector redistributes across X, Y, and Z based on orientation. During motion, the accelerometer measures the change in velocity. Shaking the phone produces rapid back-and-forth swings on whichever axis matches the shake direction. Steady walking produces a consistent oscillation pattern visible in our motion history graph. Modern smartphone accelerometers are MEMS devices similar to gyroscopes. They're accurate to ~0.01 m/sΒ² and update at hundreds of samples per second internally, though the browser typically delivers samples at 60 Hz.